01 - Preheat the oven to 350°F. Grease an 8-inch round cake pan and line the bottom with parchment paper.
02 - In a medium bowl, sift together the all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
03 - In a large mixing bowl, beat the softened butter and granulated sugar together using an electric mixer until pale and fluffy, approximately 3 to 4 minutes.
04 - Add the eggs one at a time, mixing thoroughly after each addition. Stir in the lemon zest and vanilla extract until evenly incorporated.
05 - Fold in half of the sifted flour mixture, followed by half of the milk. Repeat with the remaining flour and milk, folding gently until just combined. Be careful not to overmix.
06 - Gently fold the diced rhubarb pieces into the batter using a spatula, distributing them evenly throughout.
07 - Spoon the batter into the prepared cake pan and smooth the top with a spatula. Bake for 45 to 55 minutes, or until a wooden skewer inserted into the center comes out clean.
08 - While the cake bakes, whisk together the fresh lemon juice and granulated sugar in a small bowl until the sugar has fully dissolved.
09 - Remove the baked cake from the oven and immediately prick the surface all over with a wooden skewer. Pour the lemon drizzle evenly across the hot cake, allowing it to seep into the holes.
10 - Allow the cake to cool in the pan for 15 minutes, then transfer it to a wire rack to cool completely. Before serving, sprinkle with additional lemon zest and a light dusting of powdered sugar if desired.